HTML
Styles - CSS
HTML
Style Tags
Tag Description
<style> Defines
style information for an HTML document
<link> Defines
a link between a document and an external resource
CSS = Styles and Colours
Manipulate Text
Colours, Boxes
Styling HTML with CSS
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets.
CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on
screen, paper, or in other media.
CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of
multiple web pages all at once.
CSS can be added to HTML elements in 3 ways:
Inline - by using the style attribute in HTML elements
Internal - by using a <style> element in the
<head> section
External - by using an external CSS file
The most common way to add CSS, is to keep the styles in
separate CSS files. However, here we will use inline and internal styling,
because this is easier to demonstrate, and easier for you to .
This example sets the text colour of the <h1>
element to blue:
Example
<h1
style="colour:blue;">This is a Blue Heading</h1>
»
Internal CSS
An internal CSS is used to define a style for a single
HTML page.
An internal CSS is defined in the <head> section of
an HTML page, within a <style> element:
Example
<!DOCTYPE
html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body
{background-colour: powderblue;}
h1 {colour: blue;}
p {colour: red;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This
is a heading</h1>
<p>This
is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
»
External CSS
An external style sheet is used to define the style for
many HTML pages.
With an external style sheet, you can change the look of
an entire web site, by changing one file!
To use an external style sheet, add a link to it in the
<head> section of the HTML page:
Example
<!DOCTYPE
html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet"
href="styles.css">
</head>
<body>
<h1>This
is a heading</h1>
<p>This
is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
»
An external style sheet can be written in any text
editor. The file must not contain any HTML code, and must be saved with a .css
extension.
Here is how the "styles.css" looks:
body
{
background-colour: powderblue;
}
h1
{
colour: blue;
}
p
{
colour: red;
}
CSS Fonts
The CSS colour property defines the text colour to be
used.
The CSS font-family property defines the font to be used.
The CSS font-size property defines the text size to be used.
Example
<!DOCTYPE
html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
h1
{
colour: blue;
font-family: verdana;
font-size: 300%;
}
p {
colour: red;
font-family: courier;
font-size: 160%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This
is a heading</h1>
<p>This
is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
»
CSS Border
The CSS border property defines a border around an HTML
element:
Example
p
{
border: 1px solid powderblue;
}
»
CSS Padding
The CSS padding property defines a padding (space)
between the text and the border:
Example
p
{
border: 1px solid powderblue;
padding: 30px;
}
»
CSS Margin
The CSS margin property defines a margin (space) outside
the border:
Example
p
{
border: 1px solid powderblue;
margin: 50px;
}
»
The id Attribute
To define a specific style for one special element, add
an id attribute to the element:
<p
id="p01">I am different</p>
then define a style for the element with the specific id:
Example
#p01
{
colour: blue;
}
»
Note: The id of an element should be unique within a
page, so the id selector is used to select one unique element!
The class Attribute
To define a style for a special type of elements, add a
class attribute to the element:
<p
class="error">I am different</p>
then define a style for the elements with the specific
class:
Example
p.error
{
colour: red;
}
»
External References
External style sheets can be referenced with a full URL
or with a path relative to the current web page.
This example uses a full URL to link to a style sheet:
Example
<link
rel="stylesheet"
href="https://www.Omegas.com/html/styles.css">
»
This example links to a style sheet located in the html
folder on the current web site:
Example
<link
rel="stylesheet" href="/html/styles.css">
»
This example links to a style sheet located in the same
folder as the current page:
Example
<link
rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
»
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